Black Vs Yellow Firefighter

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Jan 24, 2010  Black gear has a higher beefcake rating. Women prefer us in the black gear for the same reasons men like their women in black undergarments. Like my friend Ron, I am lardcake, but chicks still dig me. Black vs tan gear. It's in the eyes of the beholders. Fire doesn't know the difference. We have tan with orange reflective striping. Few work environments are as dangerous as firefighting. During a fire, property and, more importantly, lives are at risk. Veteran firefighters agree that combating a complex fire is a team effort. Teamwork requires visibility - the ability to see others while being seen. During a fire, property and lives are at risk. Facebook for Firefighters.

Asyou view this page, always keep something in mind. Fireservice terms vary greatly from place to place.

Nodoubt you will read terms here you have never seen.There are more than five different names for a stand-byfire rescue crew. What one department calls a 'Halligan' anothermay call a 'Hooligan Tool' and another mayrefer to the same piece of equipment as a 'ProTool'. Young or new firefighters also tend tobelieve that their department's way or terminologyis the only way, or that their department inventedthe term. (Of course sometimes they do.) Resident'sof community's will also believe that their fire departmentrepresents all fire departments and has the same terminology,practices or traditions as those across the country.Nothing could be further from the truth. Peopleemail us all the time about an emblem on a badge, theyhave seen or they ask, 'Why do all fire departments.?'

Ifyou can't find examples on the internet, it might meanthat your question is about a local tradition or term.The best advice given might be, 'Askthe fire department that uses the term.' NOTE: Even though we have traveled to many fire departments and communicated with hundreds of fire service people, all over the world, we will undoubtedly omit terms and traditions. If you have a question or know of something we have left out, please help me make this site more accurate by letting us know.Can'tfind what you are looking for here?Be sure to try our page or the new page.Contents -≈A≈A-Wagon- Thisis another all purpose, regional, term.

Often thisis applied to vehicles designed to fight grass or brushfires. Although some departments may use this termto describe hazardous materials apparatus. In thesecases they can pump foam or other specialized agentsfor the control of particular types of fires. The namecomes from the fact that these vehicles, in the past,had an entirely separate “ Auxiliary” motorthat ran the pump. This allowed these vehicles to pumpand roll at the same time. Modern fire apparatus pumpsget their power from the vehicle’s engine.

Thetransfer case forces you to choose between rollingdown the road or supplying the pump with power. Theword 'auxiliary' simply means 'a separate, supportpiece of equipment.' This might be an application ofthe term for some departments.AerialTruck - Also known as a ladder truck, aerialladder, or just plain truck. A hydraulicallypowered ladder or articulating platform, mountedon a vehicle that also carries several differentlength extension ladders, and possibly extricationgear, ventilation equipment, and lighting Sometrucks can reach as high as 200 feet! See.Apparatus-Any vehicle that serves a specific function other thanjust transportation of people. Engines, Trucks, andMICU’s are examples of apparatus. A chief’svehicle is generally NOT considered apparatus althoughsome departments may refer to it as such.AirPack - A Self Contained Breathing Apparatus.See Jumpto: -≈B≈Backdraft -Term applied to the explosion caused by the suddeninward rush of oxygen when all of the super-heatedgases, (heated above the ignition temperature) in aroom or structure, ignite at the same time.

If thegasses are pressurized, in a relatively closed room,an explosion could be the result. While the likelihoodof such an occurrence is low, a backdraft is oftenfatal to anyone caught in it.BangorLadder - Thisis a 50 foot or larger ladder that has 'tormenterpoles' to assist in the raising and to stabilizethe sides. It is also called a 'pole ladder'.It takes several firefighters to raise this ladder.These are sometimes used when a structure is inaccessibleby aerial apparatus.

They are very resource intensiveto set. It might require eight firefighters to raiseone of these ladders.Photos - Michael SmithNote: Every so often someone asks if the name 'BangorLadder' has anything to do with the town of Bangor, Maine.The best answer might be, 'Well Bangor would have you think so.' Ifyou go to you can find your way to theirfire museum.

They list, among the items you can seethere, 'An Original Bangor Ladder'.Update: I have found the information below about Bangor ladders. It comes from a forum and references a source I can't find. It appears to be good information, but I can't verify it. I do accept it as factual due to the account found in a historical document.From:'Major James M. Davis, a joiner from Bangor, Maine, is credited with designing the Bangor Ladder after he returned from the Civil War and was elected captain of the Champion Hook & Ladder Company.

Davis designed the Bangor Ladder in an effort to solve the major downfall of most lengthy ladders at the time - their tendency to fail under stress because the solid, wooden beams on early extension ladders would sag and often break at the joint of the bed and fly. Single ladders that were long enough to reach the uppermost buildings in cities were out of favor because of their great weight. Long, heavy tormentor poles (also called prongs) were used in the early days to help raise the long ladders, but these poles were often carried separately from the ladder. Davis is credited with being the first person to develop an extension ladder with permanently attached tormentor poles that would fit flush to the ladder while stored on the truck. When needed at a fire the poles would easily swing out to assist in lifting the ladder as well as stabilizing the ladder once in place.' 'Davis' new ladder was an immediate hit with firefighters in the Greater Bangor Area.

However, it was General Joseph Smith, a Civil War Congressional Medal of Honor winner, that saw the value of Davis' ladder for a nation that was increasingly building upwards with taller and taller buildings. The General purchased Davis' interest in the ladder and set up the Bangor Extension Ladder Company. By 1890 hundreds of the Bangor Ladders were in service in most major cities. New York City purchased 200 while both Boston and Chicago had at least 50 ladders in service. Shortly after 1900 however the company went out of business after nearly 25 years of business.' Also quoted (verbatim) from this PDF:'In 1874, Major James M. Davis, one of the brave Union defenders, and captain of Champion Hook and Ladder company, a joiner by trade, and since constructor and manager of some of the largest pulp mills in the country; constructed a ladder for the use of his company and another for use in his own business.

Being at work putting on outside windows at the residence of Gen. Smith, the attention of the latter was drawn to the ladder, and the result was that. General Smith purchased a half interest itt the ladder and a patent was taken out on it in 1875.Afterwards several other patents were taken out, and still others on which there was a question of infringement. General Smith carried on the business most successfully for a time, having purchased Major Davis' interest.

Recently- a joint stock company was organized, of which General Smith, is president and general manager, F. Reynolds, treasurer, with office in Masonic Block and factory at Salem Court.

The company make the Bangor Extension and other ladders, hook and ladder trucks, etc., and deal in hose reels, hose and fire apparatus of every description.They have sold over $125,000 worth of ladders, and there are now in use among other cities 200 in New York, 50 in Chicago, and 50 in Boston. This ladder received the Centennial medal at the Philadelphia exhibition of 1876, and also the gold medal of the New England Fair.' Note: The population of Bangor Maine in 2010 is shown as 35,473. They currently have three fire stations.Update: I recently received the following email concerning 'Bangor Ladders'.'

Came across your info on the Bangor Ladder and wanted to share that it was, in fact, invented here in the Queen City. Major James M. Davis filed and received patent number 161010 in March 23, 1875 for the improved extension ladder. It was later manufactured in Bangor as well.Thanks for sharing as much info as you have.

I just wanted to add the official documentation as 'proof'.Melissa Gerety, Executive Director, Bangor Historical Society'Thank you for your email.BattalionChief - A supervisor over a specific numberof stations or a section. For example, the chiefsover, EMS, training or communications could verywell hold the rank of battalion chief.Biotel -The medical direction for most (but not all) paramedicsin the Dallas area. This is a room at Parkland hospitalthat is staffed by physicians with intercoms to allthe areas of specialty in the hospital.

If paramedicshave a question or need to perform a procedure outsideof standing orders they can speak to a doctor in thatfield. If the paramedic needs to talk to an OB-GYNor whatever, that doctor is on the line in seconds.It should be noted that this facility is not the onlymedical director in the area.

A city, hospital, or private ambulanceservice may choose to use any system, including their own,for medical direction and oversight of it’s paramedics.See:For other systems or regions there will be a different name, For example, in Las Vegas they use the Las Vegas Emergency Medical Residency.see:'Black Fire' - Photofrom the Ottawa FDBlackFire - This term has only recently beenofficially recognized. This describes a situationwhere HEAVY,dense, black smoke is being emitted by a fire. Thissmoke will be of high velocity, turbulent, high volumeand extremely dense. It will also be very hot.

Forall practical purposes this is a dense, superheated,cloud of fuel that is too rich to ignite. This smokemay be doing as much damage as fire.

It can alsobe a sign of eminent.Booster -This is a term that can be applied to not only a line(see below) but to a particular type of vehicle. Asmall piece of apparatus that carries a pump, water,and a small, pre-connected line is often called bythe name 'Booster'. For more informationand photos, see:BoosterLine - A hose that is usually one inch indiameter and rubber jacketed. But in some departmentsthis can be the name given to any pre-connected linefor the use of tank water. They are used on smallfires using the water carried in an apparatus' boostertank and are usually stored on reels.Box -A means of determining which companies are closestto an emergency location. Also slang for a 'fullresponse'.SeeBox -Slang term for MICU.

Appears to be used by many departments. 'I'mon the 'box' today.' Means, 'Today is myopportunity to be assigned to the MICU, thanks to thefair and pleasant rotation schedule implemented byour illustrious and wise station officer.' Boxalarm / Box Card- This term may mean slightlydifferent things in different departments. This comesfrom the old practice of transmitting fire alarmsthrough a telegraph system.

In general it means a 'fullalarm' or a predetermined amount of resourcesfor a structure fire. To better understand this,read the information about Joker boxes, Second Alarms,Phantom Boxes etc. On the.Bugle (Speaking Trumpet) - Inthe early days, of North American fire departments,orders were given to the troops, by officers, throughthe use of a large brass device that resemblesa megaphone. These were very ornate brass horns.They were commonly called “bugles” orspeaking trumpets.Theperson with the bugle hanging from his neck orshoulder was easily identified as the person incharge. Officers became identified with these objectsso a small pin in the shape of a bugle became atype of rank insignia for officers. The more “bugleson his collar” the higher the rank.

An expressionstill used today.For more information, go to3 bugles collar brass.BrushTruck / Grass Wagon etc. There are vehiclesfor fighting wildland or grass fires. Some of theseare four wheel drive. In fact, there are some vehiclesconstructed on Hum-V's. (But this is too expensivefor most fire departments.) Most often this is atank and a pump mounted on a four wheel drive pick-up.The 'A-Wagon' is often the grass fire apparatusbut it is very common to see them referred to asthese other names. It may also be called a 'PatrolTruck'.For more info and photos see:BunkerGear - This is theslang term for the protective clothing a firefighterwears.

It generally consists of: boots, trousers,coat, gloves, hood, and helmet. It is technicallyreferred to as “Personal Protective Equipment” or “PPE” andincludes the SCBA. It is also known as 'Turnout'.SeeJumpto: -≈C≈ChurchRaise - Youprobably would not believe this if you saw it. Imaginea 50 foot ladder sticking straight up in the air,with a firefighter sitting on top of it. This isbasically a church raise.

The ladder is balanced,in the position, by only four ropes attached to thetop. Each rope is held by a firefighter who is keepingthe ladder balanced.

Firefighters often use thisin training. It helps develop teamwork and trust.It is rarely used for emergencies.Photo - Michael SmithOne of the authors of this site atop a 50'church raise during rookie school in 1980.(Taking a photo from the top.)Clear -This is the same as 'In Service' or 'Available'for some departments.CodeOne - Traveling to a location with no lightsor sirens.CodeThree - Traveling to an emergency locationWITH lights and siren. It should be noted that inmost states there is no such thing as “CodeTwo”.

However you may see apparatus travelingthrough residential areas at night without the sirenon. This is just a courtesy to the people in thearea.CodeFour - This is a signal that some policedepartments use to convey that everything is undercontrol. Fire departments almost never use this term.Note:These codes are not to be confused with the complicatedcodes used by some police departments. Some policeand even some fire departments do use a system of numbercodes in an effort to talk privately or quickly onthe radio.

Black Vs Yellow Firefighter Shirts

The widespread knowledge of what these codesmean and the use of cell phones have caused many citiesto abandon the practice in favor of plain language.DFW Airport CommandDallas(Texas) Mobile Command CenterCommand -Command exists for every incident. However, we do notestablish a formal incident command unless the incidentwarrants it. If there are more than three companiesat a scene, command is usually established so thateveryone knows who is in charge. The first officeron the scene usually has the option of taking commandor assigning it to someone else. Beyond that only chiefofficers have the authorization to transfer command.Note: These rules or guidelines can vary slightly betweendepartments but national standards are being established for Command.This is becoming very important as the need for multiple agencies atevents grows.Note: The large command vehicles are usually used onlyon the very largest of events. (More than Three Alarms.) For most singlefamily home or apartments fires, command will be from a battalion chief'svehicle.CommandTechnician - Firefighters trained in communicationsand organizational skills.

This is a person who mustbe able to take in information and organize it, aswell as, present it to command in a way that makessense.CODetector - Fire departments have batteryoperated devices that can measure gasses in the air.These are often used to determine the presence ofCarbon Monoxide in structures after fires have beendetermined “Under Control”. They canalso detect the presence of CO in homes and someother gasses.Jumpto: -≈D≈EngineBed Mounted Deck GunDeckGun - A large water nozzle attached to aengine. Deck guns deliver larger amounts of waterthan hand-held hose. (See also Master Stream or Multiversals).This is also sometimes called a 'deluge nozzle'.DefensiveOperations - This is what usually appearson the news. This is a fire ground strategy basedon firefighter safety and the protection of exposures.The goal is to simply confine the fire to the building/areaof origin.

No aggressive interior firefighting operationstake place in the defensive mode. All fire streamsare operated onto the fire from the outside.

Thisstrategy is employed when a fire has advanced tothe point where attack operations are too dangerous,and/or the fire is beyond the capabilities of onscene resources.District(or District Chief) - This is subdivisionwithin a fire department. This is usually comprisedof several battalions.

Some fire departments usethe term 'district' to describe a groupof resources made up of companies. This is more commonlyreferred to as a battalion in the US. In Canada theword district is usually used in place of the wordbattalion.Division – This can be a branch of the fire department such as the “Training Division” or the “Inspection Division.” It can also be a designated part of the Incident Command System (ICS). Division is used to designate a geographic location of operations. An example might be “Third floor division” or “Delta Division” (Which might indicate a side of a structure.) For Incident Command Definitions see.Drafting -Pulling water from a source other than a hydrant oranother fire apparatus.

Cisterns, lakes, ponds andswimming pools are often used in drafting operations.Many departments in rural areas and without fire hydrantsuse drafting.Drag Rescue Device (DRD)DRD- Drag Rescue Device - This is a strap,or webbing, that is integrated with the firefighter'sturnout coat which allows for easier dragging. A,relatively, small strap protrudes, from under a flap,near the collar on the back of the fire coat. A rescuercan grab this strap and have a means to drag a fellowfirefighter to safety. This is required on all newcoats in NFPA 1971, 2007 edition.Jumpto: -≈E≈IrvingTexas - Engine 3Ft.

Worth Texas - Engine19Engine -This is an apparatus designed for fire attack. It isthe most common vehicle in fire departments.

This apparatuscarries, hose and usually about 500+ gallons of water.It also has a fire pump. Modern fire pumps can pumpover 1500 GPM (Gallons Per Minute). These vehiclescan also have the ability to supply foam and usuallycarries 3-4 personnel.

Some departments, especiallyin Canada, refer to these apparatus as 'Pumpers'.Some departments, even in the U.S. May refer to theirengines as 'Pump 2' etc. They canbe just about any color. You can see apparatus colored:Red, Blue, Black, Lime Yellow, Yellow, Green or White,just to name the more common colors.Engineer -In most departments, the engineer is the person thatdrives the Fire Engine or Ladder Truck.

They can beknown by several names. 'Driver' 'FireEquipment Operator' (FEO). 'Chauffeur' andothers. The engineer is also responsible for all ofthe equipment that is on the apparatus and making surethat it is clean and in good working condition. Theyalso run the pumps, ladders, etc. When they are ata fire.

If they are the driver of a truck, they areresponsible for running the aerial device (ladder etc.)and other tools such as generators or extrication tools.NewOrleans FD- Trying to save exposures 1-28-04Exposure -These are all the endangered structures or other propertythat can be subsequently damaged by fire, travelingfrom another fire. This can include anything from autosto other buildings to stacked products to crops. Theprotection of exposures is a prime concern with anyfire. Something that many people may not realize isthat large fires can radiate intense heat. This cancause objects 100 feet away or more to combust. Thisis why you may see firefighters applying water to structuresor objects across the street from heavy fires.

Black Vs Yellow Firefighter

Theredoes not have to be direct flame contact for an objectto apparently burst into flames. Fires from petroleumproducts such as natural gas, propane, or gasolinecan be especially intense sources of radiated heat.Vehicles are common victims of radiated heat.

Paintcan be damaged or plastic parts melted great distancesfrom the actual fire.Extrication -The systematic and safe freeing or removal of personswho are trapped or pinned. This can be accomplishedby highly technical means or may be a easy as openinga locked door.Jumpto: -≈F≈FAST - Firefighter Assistand Search Team.See: '.FireDistrict - This is different from a districtwithin a city or a District Chief. See 'DistrictChief'. A fire district is an established taxdistrict. This may include several cities or towns.It may also be a rural area. You can almost thinkof this as a co-op.

Many volunteer fire departmentsare set up as districts that serve several communities.But this is not always the case. There are some veryfamous fire protection districts. Probably the mostfamous is LA County. The City of Los Angeles hasit's own fire department but the rest of the countyis under one huge fire department.

Today, 57 citiescontract with the Los Angeles County Fire Departmentwhich staffs a total of 163 engine companies, 31truck companies, 79 paramedic units, and numerousother pieces of specialized apparatus. Manyconsider this a very efficient way of providing fireand rescue service. An example of NOT having a largefire district might be Dallas County in Texas. Thereare over 20 fire departments just in Dallas County.Every city has a different way of doing some things.This situation exists all over the country. Sometimescities, in order to adequately protect it's citizens,are forced to build fire stations within sight ofanother city's stations.

A combined fire districtwould prevent this. Resources could be shared orspread more evenly. Unfortunately, cities are oftenreluctant to let go of their fire departments oncethey are established.Flashover -Similar to a withthe exception that the room is not closed or pressurizedto the point of explosion. All of the contents of theroom have given off flammable gases that have beenheated to their ignition point and a fire suddenlyenvelopes the room.

From the outside you will oftensee the exiting smoke appear to instantly ignite.FoamMetering Valve. Concentrations from.3% to 6%.Foam -This is a mixture of water and a product that causesfoam OR reduces the surface tension of the water. Inthe movies you think of airports 'foaming therunways.'

Today, foam is use more often for structurefires and protecting exposures. The mixture of foamconcentrate can be from as much 6% to as little as.3%. The lower concentrations are to cause the waterto be able to penetrate burning substances by reducingthe surface tension.

This is especially valuable insituations where there is debris. It is difficult toextinguish bales of hay or tires without foam.

A mixtureof 3% might be used for a liquid hydrocarbon fire while6% is used for burning alcohol. In the past it wasonly specialized apparatus that had the ability topump foam at will. It is now common for fire enginesto be able to provide foam at the flip of a switchin many communities. There is more than one type offoam.ForcibleEntry - This is a term often heard in newsinterviews. It is the act of gaining access to astructure or vehicle through means other than anopen window or door. Frequently, firefighters mustforce open doors that are locked or blocked in orderto enter a structure to search for victims & extinguisha fire.

A wide variety of hand, power & hydraulictools can be used for forcible entry.Jumpto: -≈G≈GPM -Gallons Per Minute. Everything we do, with regard toextinguishing fires with water, is about GPM. We talkof the amount of GPMs we will need to extinguish atheoretical fire or while formulating strategy on aworking fire.

A large apartment or warehouse fire mayrequire thousands of gallons a minute to stop the spreadand extinguish. A simple formula we might use is: lengthX width = (area) X.33. Using this, a 6000 sq ft structurewould need a minimum of approximately 2000 GPM, perfloor, to extinguish. This is more than the averagefire hydrant or fire engine can provide.Pueblo of Laguna, NM, Fire DepartmentGrass Wagon - (also Grass Truck, A-wagon, Booster, Brush Truck, Patrol Truck and many other names.) This is a small vehicle, usually built on a pick-up truck frame. It carries a small amount of water and the main purpose is to fight grass fires.

It will often have the ability to pump and roll and will sometimes have a seat of some form, mounted on the bed or rear, for the hose operator to use as they roll down a fire line.Jumpto: -≈H≈HalliganTool and 'Irons'Halligan -An all-purpose steel prying bar used as a forcibleentry tool. It looks like a adze with a point on theside. The story is that it was invented by a New YorkCity firefighter named Huey Halligan. In some circlesit is known as a 'Pro Tool'. Often this toolis married together with an ax.

Together with possiblysome other forcible entry tools, this is often referredto as 'Irons'.Pueblo of Laguna, NM, Haz Mat 1Haz Mat - (also Hazmat, HazMat) This is short of 'Hazardous Materials Response Unit.' With today's complex and high technology world, many departments have invested resources and money to responding to such emergencies. Most of us would be surprised, if not alarmed to learn the many types and dangers associated with chemicals and products in our communities. Typically one department in a region will have a Haz Mat unit and through mutual aid agreements other departments will support and share that unit.Nipissing, Ontario FD. Notice hose tower.Hose Tower/Hose Rack - In northern climates the fire departments need a warm/indoor area to dry hose. In southern cities they usually just use outside racks made from metal.

In the hose towers, the hose is hoisted up several stories and left to dry. On the hose rack it is just laid flat or on a slight incline. NOTE: In the past, hose was covered with a cotton jacket and had to be cared for to prolong its life for decades. The cotton would rot if allowed to remain wet for very long or it would mildew if rolled and stored wet.

Today’s hose is designed to be rinsed off at the fire, and placed back on the apparatus wet. The jacket is made of mildew resistant synthetics and hose can only be in service for a short period of time before it is required to be replaced.

For example, 1 ¾ inch hose has a service life of only 5 years. After this time, the hose must be disposed of, even if used very little, or none at all. For this reason, many cities are no longer constructing hose racks with new fire stations.Hose rack for cleaning and drying hose.HurstTool - This is the common manufacturer ofsomething the public refers to as “TheJaws Of Life”. There are several manufacturersof similar devices but many departments use the Hurstbrand and will refer to theirs as “The HurstTool”, 'The Jaws', or simply as partof their “Extrication Tools” etc.Jumpto: -≈I≈IncidentCommand -.Irons -See 'Halligan Tool'ISO -Insurance Service Office - This is a, for profit, organizationthat provides statistical information on risk. See: Formany years the 'ISO Rating' had a large impacton most fire departments.

The ISO (PPC) rating is from10 - 1. With '1' being the best. At one time,almost, all insurance companies calculated rates basedupon the ISO rating.

Formany years homeowner insurance premiums were calculatedusing something called the 'ISO / PPC' System.( InsuranceService Office / Public Protection Classification)A few states had their own rating system, such as the 'Key-Rate' system)but even this accomplished the same thing. Around 1990the last remaining state adopted the ISO/PPC system.But just as the last remaining state was getting usedto the ISO system and all its various inspection idiosyncrasies,State Farm and some other insurance companies tossedit out in many states.

So now ISO ratings havevery little, if any, effect on insurance premium ratesin several states. For more information onthe new system see this page:Ifanyone has more current information on ISO, pleasesend it to me.2001Article in Firehouse Magazine about State Farm's change,with more details on the PPC and ISO rating system.It also talks about the 'Subzone Rating Factor' system.In2001 Arkansas tried to fight State Farm's change tothe 'loss per zip code' system.Jumpto: -≈J≈JawsOf Life - See 'Hurst Tool' above.JokerSystem, Joker Box etc.Jumpto: -≈K≈K-Tool - Avery effective toolfor the removal of door cylinders in mostly commercialstructures. The firefighter simply slides the 'K' shapedtool over the lock and then pry down with the.The cylinder pops right off, giving easy accessto the latch. Thistool is often included with.Jumpto: -≈L≈Ladder (as in ) - This is another name for a truck company.

See above.LadderPipe- This is the process of pumping waterto a nozzle mounted on an aerial ladder. This canbe a ladder with plumbing built in or it can be theprocess of laying hose on the ladder and attachingit to a nozzle and the rungs.Irving Texas, 8-2-04“LDH” LargeDiameter Hose - This is usually hose that is 5 inchesin diameter. Using this hose, large volumes of watermay be transported, under relatively low pressure.Many departments have converted to LDH from 3 inch.Some may carry both on their apparatus to give themflexibility and options. You may hear this referredto, on the radio, as “LDH” or “5inch”. You can’t drive over this stuffor move it. It is too big and heavy. If a fire departmenthas time, you may be able to get them to place hosebridges so you can get over this hose.

Do notlet your vehicle get caught on the wrong side of it.You may be there for the duration if you do.Jumpto: -≈M≈MalteseCross -One can easily find web sites that will tell youthat the current emblem of the fire service, in theU.S. And some other countries, is based upon thecross worn on the tunics of the Knights HospitallersofJerusalem,AKA the 'Knightsof Malta'. But there is evidence that the currentemblem bears little resemblance to this cross.

Howeverthat does not mean that it wasn't originally basedupon the 'Maltese Cross'. Perhaps it hasjust evolved and adopted other icons as well. Thecross of St. Florian is one design that may haveinfluenced the current shape. Much more information,on the subject, can be found here.MICU -( Mobile Intensive Care Unit)This is what many people mistakenly refer to as an “ambulance”.Many fire departments will still write the word “ambulance” onthese vehicles because people expect it.

A MICU iscapable of Advanced Life Support (ALS). In the past,the job of the ambulance was to transport the patientto medical care as soon as possible. The term 'ambulance' comesfrom the word 'ambulate' which means 'tomove about'. Today the goal is to bring advancedmedical care to the patient as quickly as possible.With the exception of some procedures, such as bloodreplacement, surgery and some lab tests, the paramedicson the MICU can perform just about any procedure youwould get at a hospital emergency department in thefirst thirty minutes of care. There are some variationson the name of this vehicle.

In Canada they may belabeled, 'Advance Life Support Ambulance, Ministryof Health'. I have also seen 'ALS Ambulance' onthe side of vehicles.SeveralMaster-streams (deck guns and aerials) in action.Notice 'Command' in the lower left. Irving, TexasMonitor,Multi-versal, Master-stream - A large groundor apparatus mounted nozzle through which large amountsof water can be flowed. This device can often beremotely operated or it can be set up and allowedto run unattended.MutualAid - This is an agreement between jurisdictionsfor the mutual assistance in the event of major events.Even the largest departments may need help from timeto time.

There is usually a pre-agreed upon procedurefor implementing mutual aid. There can be pre-establishedautomatic mutual aid. A city may agree to alwaystake the runs for another in some remote location.Smaller departments depend upon mutual aid agreements.MVA/ MVC - Motor Vehicle Accident, Major VehicleAccident, Motor Vehicle Collision. While most departmentsstill use the term 'MVA' some have goneto 'MVC'. It is felt that the word 'accident' hassome meanings that reflect blame or the lack thereof.Perhaps they feel that 'collision' is amore accurate description of what has happened.Jumpto: -≈N≈NIMS -The National Incident Management System.A federally mandated program for the standardizingof command terminology and procedures. This standardizescommunications between fire departments and other agencies.It is based upon simple terms that will be used nationwide.Currently, U.S.

Federally required training programs,from DHS, NFA and FEMA, are in the process of standardizingmany terms and procedures under NIMS.NationalFire Academy (NFA) - In 1974 Congress passedThe Federal Fire Prevention and Control Act (PL 93-498).Among other things it established the United StatesFire Administration (USFA) and its National FireAcademy (NFA). Both career and volunteer firefightersattend this school, in Emmitsburg MD for advancededucation in fire protection. It also offers coursesfor citizens in fire safety.See:Jumpto: -≈O≈Out -This is a radio term meaning, 'Out at the emergencylocation.' When you are usually 'on scene' and you areout of service. It can also indicate that a fire is completely extinguished.Overhaul -The systematic search for hidden fires or for fire extension.

It is generally a damaging process. If the fire impinges upon a wall, that wall will probably be opened to insure that the heat and fire hadn't communicated through to the inside.Jumpto: -≈P≈PassDevice - This is one name given to the deviceall firefighters wear for locating firefighters introuble. This device senses if a firefighter hasremained motionless for a short period of time. Itmay also sense if the firefighter has been exposedto a rapid rise in temperature as may occur witha collapse. A piercing alarm is sounded under anyof the conditions for which it is designed to detect.They are usually attached to the SCBA.

You will oftenhear this device sounding because a firefighter haslaid down his SCBA. These devices often do not havea simple way to turn them off and they will becomeactive when the firefighter simply removes the SCBAfrom the apparatus or turns on his air supply. Thissolved the problem with earlier versions where thefirefighter had to remember to turn it on.PassportsPassport- This is just one type, of many, personnelaccountability systems in use today.

In the past,command would just try to keep track on the personnelin a hazardous environment or situation by just writingdown vehicle numbers. But that was not very accurateat times.

Today each company has some type of objectwith each person's name on it. The names can be writtenon or they can have a name tag that is affixed bya clip or velcro. The officer gives this object tocommand or the sector officer prior to entering ahazard zone. This way someone can always tell exactlywho is where. If it becomes necessary to divide upcompanies, this can be done by moving names aroundand attaching them to other boards. In the exampleabove the four people on this engine could be dividedinto two crews. This is the purpose of the third,empty, passport.'

PAR' or 'PAC' etc.- Personnel Accountability Report( Check) etc. At various points duringa operation command will call for a 'PAR' (orsome similar acronym).

This might also be referredto as a 'Roll Call'. All company officerswill report that they have their crew in sight or physicalcontact.

They will respond with, 'Engine 3 hasPAR.' Or 'Truck 9, PAR.' An accountabilityreport happens at timed intervals or when they situationhas changed. Examples would be: Partial structure collapse,Fire Under Control, Change in tactics, Report of lostor injured firefighter.PatrolTruck - It seems that small vehicles, designedfor fighting grass or brush fires can be called anything.(See, A-wagon, Brush Truck, Grass Wagon, etc.) Insome communities, a small water tank (around 200gals) mounted on a pick-up, with a one inch lineand a 200 GPM auxiliary pump, is called a patroltruck. This is used to patrol large grass fires.The truck will also usually carry tools like shovelsand axes, etc.

Patrol trucks appear to be most commonin California, but can be found in other regionsas well.PikePole - A pike pole could be any number ofdesigns for a piece of equipment used for overhaul.Most often it is use for the opening of ceilings.Of all the tools of the fire service, the pike poleis probably among the most often used. It is oftenthe practice to have one carried in by a firefighterat all structure fires. The most common design isa hook with a point. See illustration.

But thereare many styles and designs. The pike pole is the 'mousetrap' of the fire service. It seems that almosteveryone believes that they can create a better one.The Dallas Fire Department is famous for one thatlooks like a harpoon that has a hammer type of handle.If you have ever seen a dent puller with a slidehammer type of handle, you can get the picture. Afew designs are pictured.Platoon - This is the term used by some departments to describe the shifts.

Rather than say that there are three shifts, (A, B, & C) they will say that that there are three platoons.Plug -Slang term for a fire hydrant. This survives from thedays when water mains actually had holes in the topsthat were plugged. Many firefighters would like tokeep this word while many others think it should bereplaced with the accurate term, 'hydrant'.For more info see: in the Q & A PagePumper -Another term for an 'Engine'.

More commonin some parts of the country then others, but you can findthis term in some use in almost any region.PrimarySearch - Very early in any fire or hazardousenvironment search or rescue Command will call fora 'Primary Search'. This is a quick searchof all compartments in a structure for victims. Thecrews involved in the search should report, 'PrimarySearch, All Clear.'

PompierLadder - This is a ladder reportedly namedfor the firefighters of Paris, who are known as Pompiers.This ladder has a large hook on one end. A firefighter would stick this inthe window of the floor above him, climb out the window and up the ladder,where he would repeat the process.

The usual pronunciation is just like itis spelled, 'pom-pier' even though the French for firefighter ispronounced, 'Pom-pe-ay'.For more information and photos, go to:PublicInformation Officer (PIO) or Media Information Officer -In all cases, media information will be handled bycommand. This is a defined and designated responsibilityof the incident commander. This position will befilled or staffed by command.

Outlet construcao materiais sempre em saldo de la. Social Security Under the Gun: What Every Informed Citizen Needs to Know About Pension Reform Adicionar Isle Of Dogs (Andy Brazil, Book 3). Angelo Proenca is on Facebook. Join Facebook to connect with Angelo Proenca and others you may know. Facebook gives people the power to share. Jun 09, 2019 - Rent luxury vacation rentals in Indaiatuba, Brazil. Find unique places to stay with local hosts in 191 countries. Belong anywhere with Airbnb.

The “IncidentCommander” will be the person to give the mediainformation and answer questions or they will detailsomeone to do this. At times the incident commanderwill not have time to talk with the media. But youcan rest assured, that as soon as possible, someonewill be speaking to the press.Jumpto: -≈Q≈Quad -Apparatus that has four capabilities. While not ascommon as a 'Quint' some departments do usesuch vehicles.Arlington and Ft. Worth, Texas - Quints - Notice the pump panels and hose handlines on each vehicle.Quint -A piece of firefighting apparatus that can performfive of the major functions of fire apparatus.

Theseinclude: Carry hose. Aerialladder/water tower operations. Should also carry largeamounts of ladders of to be considered a truck.R&R,8-2-2004 Irving Texas, 100 degree day, 5 alarm fire. (Clickphoto to see more.).

This is a compilation of information from students who are conducting scientific color experiments about color and heat absorption.Questions:#1 - I am doing a science fair experiment on color vs. Heat absorption. I need ideas on research.#2 - When using a thermometer, is it better to use cloth or construction paper?#3 - Is it better to use a light source or the sun? Ben Franklin's research with cloth and snow sounds interesting.

Has anyone tried to set that one up?Best Scientific Answers- from 'Ask a scientist'- from MadScientst NetworkHeat Absorption and Emissivity - Information from othersJP: As you probably already know, dark colors (black) will heat up more than light colors (white). Try using thermometer strips sold at pet stores (to stick on the insides of reptile cages to monitor temperature). They're cheap, don't break, are flat so you can put them under a piece of paper (if that's what material you're using) to check your temperatures.

Try some materials with different reflective surfaces too (foil; shiny black vs. Rough-surfaced black for example).Chris Willard: I would follow Ben Franklin's observations, put different colors on a block of ice (he used snow). Set the ice in the sun and observe how the darker colors melt down into the ice faster (presuming it will, I've not tried this).

Another idea might be to set a thermometer under pieces of cloth that are set in the sun or under a lamp to measure different temperatures.Anonymous: White reflects more energy than black does. Absorbed energy is of course not destroyed but usually converted to heat so the answer to your question is yes, makes a difference.Mac: Color can affect heat absorption because of emissivity. A number of variables can enter into the picture, so if you conducted an experiment, you'd need to proceed carefully, to avoid skewed results. Emissivity would probably be the key differentiator in your question. (Look up emissivity in the dictionary).Given two identical glass containers - one being of one color A and another being of another color B and that they would be filled with, say, some identical heated liquid, and then allowed to cool -And given that the emissivity of container colored A and the emissivity of container colored B is substantially different, then the rates of cooling would be different. You would need to measure or otherwise determine what the 'emissivity' of each specifically colored glass is.Emissivity of materials is of significant concern in some industries - for instance - if you are building a spaceship - and you want to keep parts of the spaceship cool or other parts warmer. The 'color' (more precisely, the emissivity) of the surface of the ship will determine whether that portion of the spaceship will be cold, cool, warm, or hot.There are lists that give the values of emissivity of various materials - in books on spacecraft design, thermal properties handbooks, and similar texts.Two of the main attributes you would want to look at in an experiment that would demonstrate this would be 1.

The material's emissivity and 2. The material's thermal conductivity.To remove multiple external variables from your experiment - you might want to place both of the glasses of liquid into a black box (keeping them out of sunlight/away from external heat / light sources). Don't put them in the microwave either!:-)And if do perform an experiment - if you use two thermometers or thermocouples, be sure they are calibrated.

And gosh - publish your findings here if you do perform the experiment.If you paint one glass Black and the other glass White, which container do you think will cool faster? Any hunch?Anonymous: About the absorption of heat and emissivity in coffee cups: The cups would take heat energy from the coffee at same rate, given same material of cup, as this is conductive heat transfer, while the white cup will radiate heat to surrounding air more slowly than the black cup, and so in total the black cup of coffee will cool down quicker.An excellent student experiment about color and heat absorptionThe following is documentation of a student's experiment with color and heat absorption. We only know her as 'Madeline' and here's the research that she posted on the bulletin board at Color Matters, January, 2000.QuestionDoes the amount of thermal energy (heat) produced by a colored fabric after 30 minutes of intense light relate to its position in the spectrum?HypothesisWhen a color (colored fabric) absorbs light, it turns the light into thermal energy (heat). The more light a color absorbs, the more thermal energy it produces. Black fabric absorbs all colors of light and is therefore warmer than white fabric which reflects all colors. I predict that the colors of the spectrum appearing the darkest and most like black (violet, indigo, and forest green) will produce the most thermal energy.

The other colors (red, orange, and yellow), will produce the least thermal energy because they appear lighter or more like white.Materials1. A thermometer (preferably an indoor/outdoor thermometer because they have the largest temperature range)2. A 1’ x 1’ piece of heavy corrugated cardboard3. A clock, stopwatch, or timer5.

Sunlight (If you’re short on sunlight, use a with a halogen floodlight, at least 100 watts. A halogen bulb is a good choice because it has a high light intensity and its light spectrum is very similar to sunlight.)6. Six 100% cotton T-shirts (or pieces of cloth) in red, orange, yellow, forest green, indigo, and violetProcedureA simple way to measure how much thermal energy a colored material produces is to measure the changes in its temperature:1. Tape the thermometer in the center of the cardboard. Make sure the tape doesn’t cover the thermometer bulb.2. Set the cardboard/thermometer indoors, out of direct sunlight.3. Lay the red cloth over the cardboard/thermometer so it is touching the thermometer bulb.4.

Black Vs Yellow Firefighter Costume

Set the lamp so the bulb is 2 feet away from and perpendicular to the cardboard/cloth.Turn the lamp on.5. Position the cardboard/cloth so the thermometer bulb is in the center of the beam of light.6. Wait 30 minutes, then record the temperature under the cloth.7. Turn the light off and take the cloth off the cardboard.8. Repeat steps 3 through 8 using each of the other colors of cloths. (Orange, yellow, forest green, indigo, violet.)9.

Repeat the experiment at least 6 times and calculate the average temperatures for each color.ConclusionMy hypothesis is correct. The darker colors (forest green, indigo, violet) produced the most thermal energy after 30 minutes of intense light. The lighter colors (red, orange, yellow) produced smaller amounts of thermal energy.

(The average recorded temperature (°F) for each of the colors is shown in Graph 1.) Interestingly, the temperatures of the fabrics fell in to two groups instead of increasing as the colors got closer to violet. The difference between the temperatures of the red, orange, and yellow fabric was minimal, only 10ths of a degree.

The same thing was true for violet, indigo, and forest green fabric. However, the difference between the temperatures of the two groups was a little more than 3 degrees (Fahrenheit). In conclusion, even though violet, indigo, and forest green are generally referred to as 'cool' colors, you will be warmer if you wear them! You may not be any warmer if you wear blue instead of green, or green instead of purple. Similarly, it won’t make a difference if you wear red instead of yellow, or yellow instead of orange, but on a hot day, wear one of the warm colors!BibliographyGardner, Robert. Science Projects About Light.

Springfield, New Jersey: Enslow Publishers, Inc., 1994, p. 92Morton, J.L. Color Matters -1995-1999About LightThere are many different kinds of light. The different kinds have different wavelengths. Ultraviolet light, for example, has a wavelength of 10-8 meters.

Visible colors have a wavelength of about 10-6 meters, the diameter of a bacteria. Infrared light also has a wavelength of about 10-6 meters, but has a longer wavelength than the visible colors. The different colors of visible light have different wavelengths, but the wavelengths are very similar. Violet light has the shortest wavelength, is the coolest, and is closest to ultraviolet light. Red light has the longest wavelength, is the warmest, and is closest to infrared light.

The other colors of visible light increase in wavelength and warmth as they get closer to red and infrared light. (For example, yellow light has a longer wavelength and is warmer than indigo light.)When you shine white light (the light that includes all the visible colors) on a colored object, the object will appear to be the color of the light it reflects. All the other visible colors are absorbed.

Black Vs Yellow Firefighter Costume

If the object reflects a warm color (red, orange, yellow) it will be cooler than an object which absorbs them. For example, if you shine light on a blue object, it will absorb the warm red light, and will be warmer than a red object which would reflect that light.Results of Experiment (completed 8 times)Cloth Color Red Orange Yellow Dk. Green Indigo VioletTemperature( F) 76 77 76 76 77 77 78 79 77 78 76 75 78 78 79 77 77 81 81 80 Standard Deviation 0.991031 1.246423 1.035098 2.915476 1.642081 2.390457Average Temp. ( F) 77.13 77.13 77.25 80.75 80.88 81Does a pink jail cell calm an angry prisoner? Will a pink locker room make a football team weak? Find out at Color Matters:Links to More Science ProjectsHere's a compilation of all the pages with information from students who are conducting scientific color experiments.You might also be interested in.Does a pink jail cell calm an angry prisoner? Will a pink locker room make a football team weak?

Find out at Color Matters.